Portrayal Of Women In Chronicle Of Death English Literature Essay

Portrayal Of Women In Chronicle Of Death English Literature Essay Women, generally play many roles in their lives and their portrayal of their character differs from different narratives. We see various personalities of women characters in the novel chronicle of a death foretold and the Theban play Antigone. The main characters I would be analyzing are Antigone, Ismene and Angela Vicario. Although ancient Greece was a male dominated society, Antigone written by Sophocles portrays women as being strong and capable of making wise decisions on their own without any support from men. In this famous tragedy, Sophocles uses the characters Ismene and Antigone to show the different characteristics and roles that woman is typical of interpreting. Traditionally women are characterized as weak and inferior and Ismene is portrayed in this way. Through the character of Antigone, women finally get to present realistic viewpoints about their character. The stereotypes presented in this tragedy address many perspectives of men at this time. Antigones spirit is filled with bravery, passion and rebellion; which allow her to symbolize the very essence of women. She is strong enough to do what her conscious tells her despite the laws of the land, set by the king. Many examples in the play prove that Antigones character is very capable of making her own decisions in the name of justice. First, Antigone opposes Creons law and buries her brother Polyneices because in her mind it wasnt right to accept this discrimination. She does this because she is compassionate and loves her brother very much. Creon believes that his laws must be obeyed and would do anything to prevent any type rebelling against them, especially by a woman. He is even more infuriated when he learns that a woman has broken his laws, this was highly an unexpected task done by a woman, this showed that the woman were portrayed as weak characters incapable of even thinking to break the laws set by the land. Secondly, Antigone shows how determined she is by accepting her consequences with pride. She does not try to hide that she is responsible for breaking Creons laws; moreover, she takes all the credit for her doings. All the while she maintains her strength because she truly believes in her actions. These sorts of actions ultimately prove that Antigone is courageous and willing to stand up to men, which was completely against the norm at this time. Her spirit refuses to submit to the role of a helpless woman like her sister Ismenes character does. Ismene is described to be a coward and refuses to help her sister because she feared men. Her character is a close representation of the viewpoints of the male gender regarding women. She is subordinate and weak-willed. She refuses to stand up to Creon due to her fears even though in her heart she knows that his laws are morally wrong and unacceptable. This type of behavior in famous works of art is very common for women to behave like this. Ismene proclaims, We are only women, we cannot fight with men, Antigone! this proves that she is unwilling to do the right thing if it means standing up to a man. Another example of how cowardly Ismene is portrayed is when she tries to take credit for burying her brother with Antigone. She is so scared that she will be left all alone without Antigone that she is willing to die with her. Then when he realizes she had no part in the crime does he describes her as, .she never had a mind at all. (Sophocles, pg.208) The play is also filled with instan ces of a sexist male viewpoint. Creon states,1If we must lose, lets lose to a man, at least. Is a woman stronger than we? This is evidence that Creon does not see women as equals to men. He feels that women have no rights to break the laws and therefore, must be punished for their irrationality. He eventually realizes that he has offended the Gods with his actions as ruler of Thebes. It is not until his own wife kills herself because of his tyranny against humanity does he realize his mistakes. This is way too late to redeem his lost loved ones or take back his disrespect toward women. The Greek tragedy Antigone by Sophocles is one of the dramatic plays that display the different roles women play in society. The two sisters Ismene and Antigone portray major female characteristics. While Antigone plays the role of a strong and sensible woman, Ismene portrays the typical submissive and mild role. The character of Creon demonstrates through his tyrant rule, the sexist male viewpoint of the ancient Greek world. This play proves that gender disparity has always been present in society since many centuries ago. In the novel chronicle of a death foretold the main female character we encounter in the book is Angela Vicario, who is the bride of the groom named Bayardo san Roman. She is in many ways one of the main characters in the story, and has the strongest narrative voice. In addition, she is center of the mystery that the narrator is trying to unravel, since she is the only one who knows whether or not Santiago was truly the one who took her virginity, and she remains mysterious at the end of the story because she never reveals whether or not he was guilty.

Paper Chromatography

The Hydrogen Atom Spectrum Evan J. Collins C. N. Peck June 16, 2009 INTRODUCTION MATERIALS _Emission Spectra an the Electronic Structure of Atoms_ Spectroscope Black Ink Pen Graphite Pencil Notebook Mercury Spectrum Hydrogen Spectrum PROCEDURE Calibration of the Spectroscope: Using the spectroscope the four most visible lines on the scale were measured. Violet, blue, green, and yellow were all visible. With the ink pen the measurements were recorded. A known wavelength (nm) vs. measured lines (cm) graph was then drawn from the measurements. Observation and Measurements of the Hydrogen Spectrum: Using the calibrated spectroscope the scale position of the observable lines of the hydrogen emission spectrum were measured. Red, turquoise, violet, and purple were all visible. Using the measurements and the calibration graph the wavelength of the lines were determined. The relative error was calculated using: Accepted Value Values of wavelength for the hydrogen atom spectrum were converted to kJ/mol. Using a form of the Rydberg equation, the Rydberg constant was calculated for each of the lines measured. This constant was used to then calculate percentage error. Data Calibration of the Spectroscope Observations and Measurements of the Hydrogen Spectrum CALCULATIONS (Convert wavelength values to corresponding energy in kJ/mol) 680 x 10^-9 2. 92 x 10^-19 J x (6. 022 x 10^23) / (1000 J) = 176 kJ/mol (Calculate the value of the Rydberg constant) (1/680)/(. 25-. 30) = . 00147059/(. 25000-. 11111)= 0. 0105042 x 10^-7 = Rh= 105,040 cm ^-1 (Calculate Percentage Error) 105040 – 109678 X 100 = 4. 23% Error 109678 DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION

The Role Of Fearlessness In Aristotle The...

The courageous person and the cowardly person arent simply black and white. Fearlessness does not necessarily go hand in hand with bravery, and fear does not immediately qualify a person as cowardly. Aristotle, in Nicomachean Ethics, has many guidelines when it comes to what makes a person brave or not, and what can appear as bravery on the surface may not actually be what it seems. This very truth is evident in the Greek tragedy The Oresteia by Aeschylus, specifically in The Liberation Bearers when we examine the role of Orestes. Orestes is not brave, which benefits Aeschylus main point of the tragedy, as he becomes a more relatable character. In theory, killing his mother appears to be a brave action by Orestes. Aristotle states†¦show more content†¦The problem with facing a fear out of passion is the lack of awareness the person has for the situation. In a fit of passion, a person is not aware of the dangers of the situation. Blinded by emotion, its nearly impossible to be rational about what a person is facing, meaning that they arent being courageous because a courageous person is aware of the dangers of the situation and still goes ahead with the task. The main outline that Aristotle gives to the courageous person is the idea that courageous actions, of course, are not painless ones, but they are ones where the person should be pleased with the outcome. Obviously, a person isnt going to be happy to do the actions, but the outcome should be satisfying. This notion does not meet the outcome of Orestes actions. In fact, it would appear that Orestes feels extreme guilt over killing his mother. Although this isnt directly stated, its apparent in the way that he continually justifies his actions afterwards. When weve done something that we truly know was not the right course of action, we tend to talk ourselves into the idea that it was justified. In todays society, we might equate this sort of justification with what wed tell ourselves after stealing, for example, a piece of clothing. Our argument might revolve around the fact

Essay on Rigoberta Menchu - Liar or Educator - 604 Words

In the article â€Å"Liar, Rigoberta Menchu† by Dinesh D’Souze(1999) he states that anthropologist David Stoll and New York Times reporter Larry Rohter found evidence that Rigoberta Menchu lied in her autobiography and therefore her book should not be used in schools and universities. First of all it is said that Rigoberta Menchu claims that she never went to school but she actually has the equivalent of a middle school education which she received due to a scholarship and attended two prestigious private boarding schools that were operated by Catholic nuns, this was verified by her half-sister who also said that Rigoberta could have not spent eight months on coffee and plantation fields and working as a political organizer because she spent†¦show more content†¦I like many others find the accusations that Menchu lied presumptuous because in my eyes they haven’t proved anything and we don’t know if the so called â€Å"evidence† can be relie d on as the truth because first of all we all know of the economic hardships that the people of Guatemala face and that the person that said that he was Rigoberta’s brother could have been paid, also we don’t know what the relationship between Rigoberta and her half-sister was like and she could be saying things out of spite due to Rigoberta’s success. I believe that if these things were actually true why these people haven’t come forward in public to discredit Rigoberta Menchu. In the article Guatemala Laureate Defends My Truth By Julia Preston, Mr. Stoll said today that he had never intended to accuse Menchu of lying. He said You can understand and defend her narrative strategy, of folding others experience into her own because she was trying to bring down pressure on the Government and army†. When asked supporters of Menchu such as Marjori Agosin of Wellesley College say that â€Å"whether or not Rigoberta’s autobiography was faked, the native Indians of Guatemala have endured unimaginable hardships, the death

Shakespeares King Lear vs. Tuesdays with Morrie

Existentialism was in part a reaction to modernism, but its roots can be traced to ancient philosophical traditions ranging from Zoroastrianism and Judaism, Buddhism and Platonism (Flynn). The essence of existentialism is authenticity of experience, asking the philosopher to undergo deep introspection. However, existentialism is perhaps most famous for its probing questions about what Friedrich Nietzsche called the tension of the soul, (2). Known colloquially as existential angst, the tension of the soul, search for meaning and purpose in life has characterized personal and collective identity formation in the twentieth century. Books like Viktor Frankls Mans Search for Meaning is quintessentially existential in its approach to the authors coming to terms with his experiences in a Nazi concentration camp. Existentialism made its mark on the social sciences, and especially psychology. When psychology emerged as a discipline, Sigmund Freuds theories had a clear existential basis due to his emphasis on the death wish and the deeper realms of human consciousness and its phenomenology. Therefore, existentialism has had a tremendous impact on the evolution of Western society in the twentieth century and well into the 21st as well. Existentialism has impacted the questions philosophers ask as well as the methods used to answer those questions. For Nietzsche, god was dead; it was high time to direct human endeavors to the reaching of highest potential without the confines

The Forbidden Game The Kill Chapter 16 Free Essays

The elemental energy, the quicksilver brightness, was gone from Julian’s figure. Jenny was still holding his hand, but it suddenly seemed less substantial. She held tighter-and her fingers met. We will write a custom essay sample on The Forbidden Game: The Kill Chapter 16 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Julian’s body was dissolving into mist and shadows. In a moment even those had disappeared. Just like that. Like smoke up a chimney. Jenny sat back on her heels. Then, slowly at first, but more quickly with each step, her friends gathered around her. Jenny felt Tom’s arms, and felt that he was shaking. She buried her head in his shoulder and held him as he held her. It was Audrey and Michael who were the most helpful in what had to be done next. There were a lot of practical things to be handled. Here in Pennsylvania the sun was just rising, and home in California it was 3:00 in the morning. Audrey and Michael went next door and woke the neighbors up and asked if they could use a phone. Then Audrey called her parents and woke them up, and asked if they could please wire some money. And Michael called his father and woke him up, and asked him to explain to everybody else’s parents that all the kids were safe. That was something for Jenny to hang on to, once Audrey and Michael had reported back. The thought that Michael’s father would be calling Mr. and Mrs. Parker-Pearson and telling them Summer was coming home. Michael’s father was a writer and slightly odd, but an adult, and therefore somewhat credible. Maybe they would even believe him. Jenny really couldn’t wait to see Summer’s little brother’s face. And she wanted to see her parents, too, and her own little brother. There were other things. Angela, P.C.’s almost-girlfriend, who would have to be told that P.C. was really and truly dead. And there would be the police to deal with again, and impossible questions to answer. But she couldn’t think about all that now. She was still thinking about Julian. Nothing died if it wasn’t forgotten-and she would never forget him. There would always be some part of him in her mind. Because of him, all her life she’d be more sensitive to the beauty of the world. To its-sensuality and immediacy. Julian had been a very immediate person. The most extraordinary person she would ever meet, Jenny thought. Whimsical, quixotic, wild-impossible. He had been so many things. Seductive as silver and deadly as a cobra. And vulnerable like a hurt child underneath it all. Like a hurt child who could strike out with lethal accuracy, Jenny thought as she watched Audrey moving slowly around the living room, tidying things. He’d hurt Audrey badly, and if he hadn’t quite killed Summer, it had been close. He’d let his Shadow Animals kill Gordie Wilson, who’d only been guilty of skipping school and killing rabbits. The truth was that Julian had probably been too dangerous to live. The universe would be a much safer place without him. But poorer. And more boring, definitely more boring. It was Summer who said the astonishing thing. â€Å"You know,† she said, after twisting around on the living room couch to see if the cab was coming, â€Å"Julian said the world was evil and horrible-remember? But then he proved himself that it wasn’t.† Jenny came out of her own thoughts and looked at Summer, amazed. That was it, exactly, of course. And that was why she could go on living, and even look forward to things. In a universe where that could happen, you had to go on living and hoping and doing your best. In a universe where that could happen, anything was possible. That was Julian’s real gift, she thought. But there was another one, too, and she saw it as she looked at the others. They had all changed-Julian had changed them. Like the rune Dagaz, the catalyst, he’d transformed everyone who met him. Audrey and Michael-look at them. They were walking around holding hands. Audrey hadn’t even bothered to put her hair up. Michael was patting her shoulder protectively. And Dee and Audrey had been enemies a month ago. After tonight, Jenny didn’t think they could ever be that way again. Zach, now-Zach was looking at Summer with puzzled interest in his keen gray eyes. Like a scientist who finds himself unexpectedly fascinated by a new form of flower. Won’t last a week, Jenny thought. But it was good for Zach to notice girls, just the same. To have a human interest, something besides his own imagination and his photographs. Julian had taught Zach that imagination wasn’t always better than reality. Summer is different, too, Jenny thought. She’s not half as muddled as she used to be. That’s why Zach’s staring. Now, Dee†¦ Jenny turned to look at her friend. Dee was sitting instead of pacing, with one long leg stretched in front of her. She was looking very thoughtful, her head bent, her thickly lashed eyes narrowed. Well, Dee was Dee, and would never change, Jenny thought lovingly. But she was wrong. As she watched, Dee looked up at her and smiled. â€Å"You know, I’ve been thinking. And I was thinking-it would mean a major change of plans, you see. It would mean a lot of studying, and I hate studying.† She stopped, and Jenny blinked, then leaned forward. â€Å"Dee?† â€Å"I’m thinking of maybe going to college after all. Maybe. I’m just barely entertaining the idea.† Dee had changed, too. â€Å"Aba would be happy,† Jenny said, and then she dropped it, because she was afraid that Dee would turn balky. Dee really hated being pushed. â€Å"It’s your own choice,† was all she added. â€Å"Yes, it is. Everything really is, isn’t it? Our own choice.† Jenny looked down at the gold ring on her finger, then clasped her other hand over it. â€Å"A lot is.† And Tom was different-the fact that Jenny was wearing that ring showed how different. He hadn’t said a word about it; she didn’t even think he minded. He understood. If he hadn’t, Jenny could never have been happy. As it was, she knew he wouldn’t hate her if she tried to dream Julian into a wonderful dream. He might not want to hear about it, but he wouldn’t be upset. He didn’t take her for granted anymore, and he didn’t need to be possessive, either. Jenny thought that maybe he had changed the most of all. Or maybe she had. â€Å"The cab’s here,† Michael said. â€Å"Okay, so first we have to go to the doctor†¦ .† He stared at a scribbled list. â€Å"No, first we go to the Western Union office, then the doctor,† Audrey said, taking the list from him. â€Å"Then-â€Å" â€Å"Then we eat,† Michael said. â€Å"Apres vous,† Dee said, gesturing them through the door. When Audrey hiked a copper eyebrow at her, she grinned. â€Å"I can throw those fancy words around, too. Bonjour. O solo mio. Gesundheit.† â€Å"D’accord,† Audrey said and grinned back at her. Zach and Summer went out. Jenny stopped for just an instant on the threshold, long enough to look back. The hallway was empty, the door to the basement was shut. That was good. If any adults would listen to Jenny, she would have them make sure that door was never opened again. She turned and went outside. As they headed for the cab, Michael said the kind of thing that only Michael could say. The kind of thing that came from having a science fiction author as a dad. â€Å"Look. What if-someday-somebody carved Julian’s name back onto that runestave?† he said. Tom stopped dead on the lush green grass for a moment. Then he started walking again, as Jenny put an arm through his. â€Å"Don’t even talk about it,† he said. â€Å"It’ll never happen.† â€Å"No, I guess not. Just as well.† And Jenny, her arm entwined with Tom’s, agreed -but, deep inside, some tiny part of her wondered. She couldn’t give in to the twinge of wistful sorrow she felt-she had a life to build. Things to consider. She couldn’t just follow Tom to college now. She had to find out what she wanted to do with herself. What do I like? she thought. Swimming. Computers. Cats. Helping people. Kids. Flowers. She didn’t know how she was going to put all those together-she’d have to find a way. After all, she was Jenny Thornton, her only master. But just before she got into the cab, she looked up at the Pennsylvania sky. It was so blue-a bluer blue than California skies ever were in the morning. A beautiful, luminous color that seemed filled with promise. If, someday, Julian should be reborn, she wished him well. [The End] How to cite The Forbidden Game: The Kill Chapter 16, Essay examples

Corporate Governance & Ethics Rana Plaza Case Study - Sample

Questions: Part A In April 2013, the Rana Plaza garment factory collapsed upon its workforce, killing approximately 1,200 workers and injuring about another 2,000. The incident served to highlight the plight of low-paid Bangladeshi workers forced to work in dangerous conditions for the profit of big multinationals and shoppers in first world countries who want $2 shirts. 1. Investigate what happened at Rana Plaza and Identify the ethical issues involved. Explain whether these issues are particularly difficult or unique to multinational companies (MNCs). Part B 1. Continuing with the Rana Plaza case, investigate what has happened since for the people of Bangladesh, and whether the MNCs associated with Rana have done more to recognise and act upon their ethical obligations. 2. Describe the Role of social media for the workers of Bangladesh- Positive or quick Twitter Moment Answers: Executive Summary The report will be dealing with the collapse of Rana Plaza garment factory that killed a large number of workers and injured a several number of workers. This report has focused on the investigation of Rana Plaza and its findings along with the ethical issues that the MNCs claims to follow and adopt while doing business within the country or globally. In addition to this, the social media influence and pressure on the MNCs will also be discussed along with the positive role that social media played for the Bangladeshi workers. Introduction Workplace accident or occupational accident is a sudden and unplanned catastrophe that leads to the death and injury of a huge number of employees and workers. It may occur due to the fall or collapse of a business building, a sudden break out of fire, emission of harmful gases or due to electrical short circuits (Alpaslan and Schenck, 2014). This report will be dealing with the collapse of Rana Plaza garment factory on its workforce thereby killing nearly 1200 workers and injuring nearly 2000 workers. The collapse and fall of Rana Plaza building is considered to be one of the deadliest tragedy till date in the history of garment industry globally (Diermeier, 2014). This report will focus on the background of the factory along with the investigations and important findings and the ethical issues involved. In addition to this, the report will discuss about the role of the MNCs associated with this factory had done for strengthening the ethical obligations to the workers of Bangladesh. The role and the pressure of social media on the MNCs as well as the stakeholders are also discussed vividly. Part A 1. Background of Rana Plaza The building of Rana Plaza Garment Factory was an eight storied building nearly having 5000 employees, bank and several other shops. The building was owned by Sohel Rana who was a member of Jubo League as well as Awani League. The MNCs for which this factory manufactured apparels includes Mango, Primark, Wal-Mart, Joe Fresh, Benetton, Matalan, Monsoon Accessorize, El Corte Ingles and Bonmarche (Henniker, 2014). Investigations and Findings at Rana Plaza On 24th April, 2013, one of the largest disaster in the history of garment industry happened with the collapse of Rana Plaza Garment Factory killing several people and injuring the same. According to Duncan-Daston et al. (2013) a huge amount of workers worked in Rana Plaza for manufacturing the clothes and garments for the branded multinational companies and shoppers of US, Europe and Canada. The majority of the workers were young men and women who nearly worked for 90-100 hours in a week and only had two days off in a month. After working for several hours, the young helpers earned only $10.56 a week or 22 cents an hour whereas the senior sewers only received $12.48 in a week or more precisely 24 cents an hour. Generally these Bangladeshi people were forced to work for long hours at a very nominal cost. Apart from this, the building where these people worked that is the Rana Plaza factory building was very old and was in a very bad structure. Morad (2014) commented on the fact that it was investigated and found out that the building had big and dangerous cracks in its walls and was not at all a safe place to work. Moreover it was also found out that on 23rd April, 2013, the TV channels recorded the footages that clearly depicted the cracks and holes in the walls of Rana Plaza which resulted in the evacuation of the building. The shops and bank on the ground floor of the building was immediately closed but Sohel Rana asked his workers to return back to their work on the next day since the building was safe (Diermeier, 2014). It was found out through the investigation that on the very next day that is on 24th April, 2013 the workers refused to enter the garment factory since they were frightened of the large cracks that were clearly seen in the walls of the factory. According to Cavkoska (2014) Sohel Rana had to hire some local paid goons for beating up the men and women workers in order to force them to enter the factory. Moreover, the managers also frightened the workers that if they will not return back to work, they will not be paid for April and their wages will be withheld. This threatening forced the workers to reenter the factory building since they were poor and no money meant any food for them and their children. Further investigation and findings informed that at about 8:45 am the electricity went and the five generators of the factory were started. Immediately at that moment the workers felt that the building started moving and with a huge sound of explosion the building started falling down a nd later collapsed (Henniker, 2014). This collapse resulted in killing a huge number of workers and injured a good amount of workers with many of the workers still missing. After the collapse, it was also investigated and found out that according to Bangladesh Fire Service and Civil Defense that the upper four floors were built without permission and authorization. According to Rana (2013) the architect of Rana Plaza building told that the building was meant only for offices and shops and not at all for factories. The structure of the building was not potentially strong enough for bearing the weight as well as vibration of the large and heavy machineries. After the collapse, the Bangladeshi home minister confirmed that the fire service personals, police, army, and Rapid Action Battalion troops all were engaged in the rescue mission for rescuing the workers those who were still alive. Morad (2014) had commented that further investigation found out that the building was unauthorized built on a pond, the building which was meant for commercial purpose turned to industrial usage, the upper floors were built without permit and the construction material that was used for building was substandard. These factors lead to the collapse of the building of Rana Plaza garment factory leading to a historic disaster. Identification of ethical issues to the multinational companies that lead to the disaster According to Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) it is essential for the MNCs to follow the ethics, rules and regulations within the organization as well as outside the organization regarding trading with the suppliers. Kabeer and Mahmud (2004) had commented on the fact that the ethical issues are more or less similar to the MNCs and these companies are equally responsible to see whether the suppliers of the garment factory are bounded by the ethics of ETI. Alom (2012) also had a view that the multinational companies such as Mango, Primark, Matalan, Wal-Mart, Joe fresh, Bonmarche etc companies all suffered due to not considering the ethical issues that the Bangladeshi suppliers followed and trading with them. The ethical issues that needed to be considered by these MNCs before trading or continuing trading with Rana Plaza Garment Factory are discussed below- People are free to choose their employment- According to the International Labor organization; the people are free to choose their employment. Moreover no one can force the people to get involved in the kind of employment where they do not want to get indulged. But, in Rana Plaza factory, according to Alpaslan and Schenck (2014) there was no such rules that the company head used to follow for the workers. The workers were a kind of bonded labors in the factory and were neither paid well nor were given proper leaves and were bound to work for several hours. This was an unethical practice which never came into the notice of the MNCs who were trading with the factory. Due to which the factory head never bothered to change the rules and the workers were forced to work irrespective of their choices. Duncan-Daston et al. (2013) added that before the collapse of Rana Plaza, initially the workers never wanted to enter the building after seeing the cracks but were threatened and beaten for en tering the factory. If the MNCs used to follow the ethical rules and warned the factory head to follow the ethics, then maybe the mishap could have been avoided. Working conditions need to be safe as well as hygienic- According to Kabeer and Mahmud (2004) it was investigated and found that the working condition within the factory was not at all safe. The building was initially built for the commercial purpose and shops which later turned into industrial purpose. Moreover the materials used for construction were of inferior qualities that lead to the collapse of the building. It was the responsibility and under the ethics of the MNCs to check whether their suppliers are maintaining a safe and hygienic workplace or not. Cavkoska (2014) commented that the building of Rana Plaza was built without permit and the upper floors were also built without proper authorization. After seeing the cracks in the walls of the factory, steps were not taken to mend it rather the workers were forced to go inside the factory for working that lead to the death of many workers when the building collapsed. Limited working hours- According to Kabeer and Mahmud (2004) it was found out that there were no fixed working hours for the workers of Bangladesh. They were treated somewhat like a bonded labor having working hours nearly of 90 to 100 hours per week. The workers were badly paid against their service and had only two days off per month which violated the international standard of work. Alom (2012) had commented that the MNCs with which the factory traded could have seen whether the factory is maintaining the ethics as per international standards. But, due to their negligence, in the 21st century; the international laws of labors had been violated to a huge extent that was found out after the collapse of the factory building. No inhumane treatment- According to Rana (2013) the law against the mistreating of the employees was also violated and never came into the notice of the multinational companies that were trading ethically with the Rana Plaza factory. The factory never treated its workers properly and moreover on the day of collapse, they were beaten up by the local goons that were hired by the factory head and were also threatened that their wages for the month of April will be withheld if the workers do not enter the factory. This kind of mishandling the workers which were against the internal laws was practiced in Bangladesh behind the ethical curtains of the MNCs who claim to trade ethically (Diermeier, 2014). Part B 1. Responsibility of the MNCs associated with Rana for recognizing and acting more upon the ethical obligations The MNCs that were associated with Rana Plaza garment factory initially never took attention regarding the ethics, rules and regulations that the factory had adopted. Duncan-Daston et al. (2013) commented on the fact that before the collapse of Rana Plaza, none of the ethics regarding the wages, working hours and other ethical considerations were followed or taken into account and the MNCs were did not paid any attention to it. The collapse of the factory building was a curtain raiser to these companies because it showed how the workers were manhandled and maltreated to work for nominal amounts. According to Rana (2013) after the collapse of the factory building, the multinational companies like Primark, Wal-Mart, Mascot, Mango, ASDA etc have done enough contribution to the Rana Plaza Donors Trust Fund. But still there are many companies such as Benetton, Cato Fashions, Store 21, Lee Cooper, NKD, and Yes Zee etc have not yet contributed. According to Alpaslan and Schenck (2014) the companies that traded with Rana Plaza garment factory had to give compensation for the loss of the lives of the people as well as to the live victims of the accident. It was the shortcomings of the multinational companies that they overlooked the critical conditions of the factory where the workers had to work for their livelihood. In addition to this, the workers were also maltreated and were not handled properly rather were given very low wages for their long hours work. Alom (2012) commented on the fact that these ethical considerations of the suppliers were never focused or given importance by these MNCs who rather claim that they have adopted ethics, rules and regulations in their business. After the collapse of the factory building, the MNCs became aware of the ethical considerations that they need to follow while trading ethically. The responses of the multinational companies varied from one another. The European Government threatened the Bangladeshi government for altering the General System of Preferences (GSP) if they failed to obey the international labor standards. Morad (2014) commented that this collapse of Rana Plaza factory building resulted that nearly 150 of the global clothing brands have agreed upon and signed the agreement on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh that allowed the workers and staff members to stop working if they feel that their safety is under threat. But it is still seen that two of the Australian companies didnt sign up the agreement of crucial safety for the garment workers of Bangladesh. In addition to this, it is seen that Primark made a very huge contribution of nearly $640 dollars to nearly 580 people who were either the survivor s or relatives of the victims of Rana Plaza factory. According to Alpaslan and Schenck (2014) the global labor group had criticized the global retailers for not funding enough for the crisis that Bangladeshi labors had faced. For the workers who have died, their payments are made according to their age, number of dependents and earning potential. The workers who had survived but were injured badly will also receive money as compensation. For many companies, the compensation giving speed is comparatively very less which on demand of the world unions have speeded up t a good extent. Pressure of Social Media on MNCs through activism and stakeholders The social media played a very crucial role in placing pressure to these MNCs and stakeholders. Duncan-Daston et al. (2013) commented on the fact that specially, the social media adopted photography as activism in order to pressurize the multinational companies and stakeholders. This is because; visual journalism shows the people the real scenario of the actual happenings in the world. Several campaigns were held to put pressure on the MNCs and the stakeholders. The Clean Clothes Campaign that took place in April, 2014 had the agenda to show the world the activities and responsibilities of the MNCs in response to the disaster. The headline of the campaign was to show the world Who has paid and who is dragging their heels that showed the companies who had made contributions regarding the collapse and the companies who didnt bother to help these victims (Siegle, 2014). In addition to this according to Kabeer and Mahmud (2004) the Fashion revolutionary Day was also organized in order to use the consumers power for convincing the companies for the wellbeing of the workers as their primary priority. The NGOs and media played an important role in seeing and supervising the laws and regulations followed by the companies while trading within the country or importing goods from outside countries. Kabeer and Mahmud (2004) had commented that the constant vigilance of the media puts the multinational companies in pressure for following the ethics, rules and regulations while ding inside the country or doing with the business with the global countries. Due to the hostile media exposure and coverage, the multinational companies changed their business practices and thereby were forced to adopt ethical measures in reply to the activist demands from the media. 2. Role of social media for the workers of Bangladesh- Positive or quick Twitter Moment The social media that played an important role for the workers of Bangladesh gave a very positive impact on the global world rather than a flicker or a quick Twitter Moment on the disastrous situation of the Bangladeshi workers on the Rana Plaza collapse. Cavkoska (2014) commented that the accident of Rana Plaza that lead to the deaths of several workers as well as injury of a large number of workers, the supply chain to the multinational companies faced a lot of problems due to the active participation of the social media The social media was abrupt and actively participated in raising their fingers to the corporate responsibility and ethics of the multinational companies that were supplied the garments from this factory. According to Alom (2012) the direct intervention of the social media played a positive role for in favor of the Bangladeshi workers. This is seen that after the collapse of the factory building, the social media pointed fingers towards the MNCs for neglecting their responsibilities of knowing whether the suppliers follow the ethics, the International laws of Labor and trades ethically. Rana (2013) commented on the fact that due to the direct involvement of the social media, the multinational companies are compelled to sign on the Accord on Fire and Building Safety that allowed the workers to stop working if they find their safety is in danger. It has been broadcasted and published that after China, Bangladesh is the largest exporter of garments and have nearly 4 million garment workers in Bangladesh. Duncan-Daston et al. (2013) had an observation that the salaries that they receive are far below the standards and their working conditions are pitiful as well as far below the living standard. These exposures of the media mainly after the collapse of Rana Plaza flamed up the global customers and were an eye opener to the companies who were not concerned with the ethics that their suppliers followed. According to Alpaslan and Schenck (2014) because of the activism of the social media, the buildings of Bangladesh that were unethically and unauthorized built up were closed due to safety reasons. This somehow helped to save the lives of the workers and thereby helped in improvement of the working conditions and adoption of ethical considerations within the factories. Conclusion The report focuses on the collapse of Rana Plaza garment factory in Bangladesh that killed and injured several numbers of workers and was an eye opener to the multinational companies. The report is based on the investigations and findings of the Rana Plaza case and also focused on the ethical issues that the MNCs claimed to follow. In addition to this, the case study also focused on the responsibilities that the multinational companies have increased and have starting acting on their ethical obligations. Moreover, the pressure on the MNCs and stakeholders by the social media are also discussed elaborately. The activism of the social media played a positive role for the workers of Bangladesh. Reference List Journals Alom, K. (2012) Capital Structure Choice of Bangladeshi Firms: An Empirical Investigation, AJFA, 5(1), pp. 34-64 Alpaslan, N. and Schenck, R. (2014) CHALLENGES RELATED TO WORKING CONDITIONS EXPERIENCED BY SOCIAL WORKERS PRACTISING IN RURAL AREAS,Social Work, 48(4), pp. 54-74 Cavkoska, B. (2014) Freedom of movement of workers as a condition for implementing the Europe 2020 strategy for employment and growth,SEER, pp.393-401 Duncan-Daston, R., Hunter-Sloan, M. and Fullmer, E. (2013) Considering the ethical implications of social media in social work education,Ethics and Information Technology, 15(1), pp.35-43 Kabeer, N. and Mahmud, S. (2004) Globalization, gender and poverty: Bangladeshi women workers in export and local markets,Journal of International Development, 16(1), pp.93-109 Morad, M. 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